Denmark to debate male circumcision ban

Originally published at The Week


Denmark's parliament will today debate whether male circumcision should be more tightly controlled, days after a finding that 74% of Danes think the procedure should be restricted or banned altogether.

The poll, commissioned by the Danish newspaper Metroxpress, interviewed 1,000 people and found that three-fourths of respondents think there should be either a full or partial ban on infant circumcision. Only 10% thought that there should be no restrictions.

Later today the issue will be debated by politicians, with both the left-wing Red-Green alliance (Ehedslisten) and libertarian party Liberal Alliance advocating some form of ban. Last year, the Council of Europe adopted a resolution opposing all kinds of ritual circumcision, saying they cast a "moral stain" and "foster hate and racist trends in Europe." The council's resolution recommended that all 47 member states should attempt to regulate circumcision in some way.

In the UK, approximately 1/3 of men were circumcised before the introduction of the National Health Service in 1948, but rates soon began to fall as the organisation deemed that the operation was not medically necessary and therefore would not be covered. Today, approximately 9% of men in the UK are circumcised, the BBC reports. The practice of male circumcision is also falling in the US, where rates of circumcision were traditionally been much higher, hovering at approximately 1/2 of males born for the past two decades.

There is still a great deal of disagreement around the world over the medical impacts of the practice, The Guardian says. Last year the Danish medical authority, Sundhedsstyrelsen, concluded that there was not enough documentation to recommend the practice on medical grounds, but conversely, there is not enough evidence of risk to justify a total ban either.

Between 1,000 and 2,000 circumcisions are performed in Denmark each year, The Independent reports, with Muslim and Jewish boys making up the great majority of patients.

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UTI Resource Page



The following items pertain to urinary tract infection (UTI), the intact male body, and circumcision.

How the Foreskin Protects Against UTI: http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/how-foreskin-protects-against-uti.html

Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Against UTI: http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/exclusive-breastfeeding-protects.html

Urinary Tract Infections Higher Among Circumcised Men in Australia: http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/urinary-tract-infections-higher-among.html

Circumcision Increases UTIs Among Boys in Israel: http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/circumcision-increases-urinary-tract.html

CIRP info and studies on UTIs: http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/

Circumcision Information Australia: UTIs: http://www.circinfo.org/utis.html

Circumstitions info on UTIs: http://www.circumstitions.com/Utis.html

AAP on circumcision and UTI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477524/

A Cohort Study on Male Neonatal Circumcision and the Subsequent Risk of Urinary Tract Infection http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/to/

This Pediatrics article (Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics) touches upon circumcision and UTI: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/4/796.full

Forced retraction resources (retraction of the prepuce by anyone other than a boy himself increases likelihood of problems, including UTI): http://www.drmomma.org/2009/06/how-to-care-for-intact-penis-protect.html

Urine Sampling and Catheter Insertion for the Intact Boy: http://www.drmomma.org/2011/12/urine-samples-and-catheter-insertion.html

Using a Catheter Without Retraction: My Nurse Did It and So Can Yours! http://www.savingsons.org/2013/01/using-catheter-without-retraction-my.html

Catheterization Without Retraction: http://www.drmomma.org/2017/03/catheterization-without-retraction.html

The Urinary Excretory System (how the urinary tract and related system works): https://scribeschool.net/urinary-excretory-system-info-for-scribes.html


Harper, M. and Fowlis, G. (2007) Management of Urinary Tract Infections in Men. Trends in Urology, Gynecology and Sexual Health, 12, 30-35.

Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: a systematic review of randomised trials and observational studies: https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/8/853

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Management in Women: A Review. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2013 Aug; 13(3): 359–367.

Incidence rate of first‐time symptomatic urinary tract infection in children under 6 years of age.

metanalysis of studies comparing UTI in intact vs. cut boys and men: no studies consider the hazards of retraction by adults that may often be taking place with intact babies and children

Thread on FOX News Report/UTIs: http://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/340295406047477

Recurring UTIs question at SOS: https://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/1159091854109934

Nurse's UTI question at SOS: https://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/827398113945978

Related SOS thread: https://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/434928126526314

Parent's question on circumcision suggested for UTI: http://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/523220774363715

College student's question on UTI resources for professor: https://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/886125198073269

Reflux question from parent: https://www.facebook.com/SavingOurSons/posts/959989364020185

UTIs in Dogs (analogy) - http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=465452683473858&set=a.324857987533329.82696.166998263319303

UTIs Among Women (meme) - https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=479192492099877&set=a.324857987533329.82696.166998263319303

Note that for a UTI to occur, colonization of a pathogen must first take place. Pathogens that lead to UTIs are most often from fecal matter transmitted to this area of the body during diaper wearing, and/or when a care-giver is attempting to 'clean' a baby's genitals. The best way to prevent colonization from becoming reality in intact male babies and children is to practice proper intact care: that is, leave the foreskin alone. Allow this purposeful organ of the body to do its job: protect the glans and urethral opening and keep pathogens out. Do not retract, mess with, or attempt to 'clean' a baby boy's prepuce (foreskin). Further reading on intact care: http://www.drmomma.org/2009/06/how-to-care-for-intact-penis-protect.html



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Origins of the #i2 Hashtag



With continued popularity of the #i2 hashtag to identify intact-related posts on social media sites, many have asked about its origins. The initial use of #i2 occurred in 2008 after several advocates active in responding to intact-care and circumcision related questions on Twitter and MySpace decided that a hashtag was needed to identify all responses coming from genital autonomy supporters.

There were several active pro-cutting individuals also answering questions at the time, and they would frequently hide behind symbols and usernames that would lead questioning individuals and new parents to believe they were providing evidence based responses, when in fact, they were typically circumfetish in nature.

Danelle Day of Peaceful Parenting, Dr. Jennifer Coias, Enith Hernandez of As Nature Intended, and Jonathon Conte, spearheaded the collaborative effort to brainstorm hashtags and host a vote among the intactivist community to select one. Many excellent ideas were tossed out on the table, and in the end #i2 was chosen by vote among all active at the time. 

Day proposed the #i2 hashtag because, "We needed something short and sweet - a hashtag that would not take up too much space in the tweet box where we had very limited characters at the time. We also needed one that represented genital autonomy for all (men and women, boys and girls, as well as intersex individuals)." She continues: 

The "I" stands for: 
  • Integrity
  • Intact awareness
  • Intactivism and Intactivists
  • Information sharing
  • Involved advocacy
  • The Intact body we are each born with and deserving of having agency over
  • The Intersex child, as well as boys and girls
  • The fact that it is up to me (or "I") to speak up and make a change within my circle of Influence. 

The "2" represents: 

The duality of the sexes deserving the basic human right of genital autonomy. Day states, "Although there are actually more than two sexes if we dive into biological differentiation, for simplicity sake, we opted for '2' to represent the fact that our posts, and the people behind them, stand for genital autonomy for both girls and boys. In addition, a change in the rate of genital autonomy in the future, and the saving of our children from forced genital cutting is up to YOU TOO! Don't stand silent and unmoving. Speak up. Become active - in whatever fashion fits your individual style. Become involved, and be the change we are seeking to see in our world." 

Almost immediately upon the creation of the #i2 hashtag, pro-cutting people began adding it to their circumcision-supporting posts in an attempt to confuse readers. This trend resurfaced over the years by circumfetish individuals as the #i2 hashtag moved onto the pages of Facebook and Google+, but overall, it remains an effective representation of pro-intact posts, and those working toward a common goal of genital autonomy for all.

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Male Genital Mutilation: A Global Picture


A global view of male genital mutilation (MGM) rates by nation. 

Note that in some of these nations FGM and IGM (female and intersex genital mutilation) also occurs. In the United States, where MGM is most prevalent, FGM is forbidden and penalized under federal law, while IGM is ignored.




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African Study Finds Male Circumcision Lowers Ebola Risk


New mother and her baby boy speak with clinician. 

AFRICA - Green Farm studies in South Africa, Kenya, and Uganda recently found that male circumcision lowers the risk of Ebola from females to males by 160%. The study also found that circumcision increases the risk of Ebola from males to females by 161%, but that risk was considered insignificant. A total of 5,411.5 men in the study underwent male circumcision, and 5,497 men did not. Only 6,319 of the circumcised men developed Ebola, whereas 8,927 of the intact (uncircumcised) men did not. It is theorized that Ebola enters the body through the foreskin. The Circumcision Prevents Ebola studies were funded by the Miles and Belinda Greats Foundation, the Bill and Monica Foundation, and the National Institute of Hoaxes. With researchers already available in Africa, the study relied upon those who had studied how circumcision prevents HIV. Lead authors of this Ebola study include Ima Foole, PhD; Aaron Circumstein, MD; and Mohammed Fadoul, MD.

Circumcised men were told to abstain from sex for six weeks, and were quarantined to ensure that they did. Uncircumcised men in the study were offered an all-expense paid trip to Liberia, Sierra Leone, or Guinea.

Dr. Auvert VooDoo of Germaphobe University in South Africa warned that although circumcision reduces the risk of Ebola, caution must still be practiced by men. “Circumcised men still need to wear hazmat suits during sex, and men should not think they can engage in risky behavior because they are circumcised. Men who do engage in risky sexual behavior should use a chlorine spray following sex.”

Circumcision has been known to prevent thousands of diseases throughout history. Medical experts through the years have discovered that circumcision prevents masturbation, epilepsy, convulsions, paralysis, elephantiasis, tuberculosis, eczema, bed-wetting, hip-joint disease, fecal incontinence, rectal prolapse, wet dreams, hernia, headaches, nervousness, hysteria, poor eyesight, idiocy, mental retardation, and insanity, to name just a few.

Researchers are now encouraging PEPFAR to spend billions of taxpayer dollars to circumcise as many African males as possible, in the Voluntary Ebola Eradication Program. Voluntary circumcision will be performed on newborns, children, and adults. Academic institutions, and researchers who have made studying circumcision a career, are seeking additional grant money to not only conduct future studies on how circumcision prevents Ebola, but also for perpetual studies on how circumcision prevents diseases not yet even discovered.

In light of the study’s new findings and the high death rate from Ebola, the American Association of Prevaricators is considering appointing a new Circumcision Task Force to study and recommend circumcision as a preventive against Ebola.

Contact: Ima Foole, PhD Phone: 555-CIRC-4EBOLA (555-2472-432652)

Sign outside clinic in Zambia. See additional posters, signs and advertisements for circumcision across African nations: https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.430134657005661.102599.166998263319303

End Note: The above is a spoof ("a mocking imitation of someone or something, usually light and good-humored; lampoon or parody"). The author, who wishes to remain anonymous, intends this as a satire of researchers' claim that circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission - the same researchers who started it all with their Orange Farm studies.

Related reading:

AIDSCirc.org

HIV & Circumcision Resource Page: DrMomma.org/2014/01/hiv-aids-circumcision-resources.html

African Propaganda: https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.430134657005661.102599.166998263319303

Public Service Announcement via Intact Connecticut: Circumcision also does not cure zika virus.

Almost three-quarters of Danish people desire to ban forced infant circumcision

By Steve Anderson for The Independent
Read more from Anderson: http://www.independent.co.uk/biography/steve-anderson 


Almost three-quarters of Danish people support some form of ban on circumcision, according to survey results. The results to the poll come as the country's parliament prepares to discuss the issue next week.

In the survey of 1,000 Danes, commissioned by Danish newspaper Metroxpress, 74% of respondents agreed that there should be a full or partial ban on infant circumcision, with only 10% saying they supported the right for parents to choose whether their sons are circumcised, according the English language news site The Local.

Denmark's parliament will hold a hearing on Wenesday to discuss circumcision, with both the left-wing Red-Green alliance (Ehedslisten) and libertarian party Liberal Alliance pushing for a ban.

Last year, the Danish health and medicines authority, Sundhedsstyrelsen, came to the conclusion that there was not enough documentation of the benefits of circumcision to recommend it, but conversely, there was not enough risk to justify a complete ban. Its report came on the back of extensive media coverage debating the topic.

Figures from Sundhedsstyrelsen suggest that somewhere between 1,000 and 2,000 circumcision are performed in Denmark each year, with Jewish and Muslim boys making up the majority of patients.

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Intact or Circumcised: Teasing in the Locker Room



A new study out of the University of Iowa, in the center of a Midwest state that continues to see a high rate of newborn circumcision, demonstrates that boys who remain intact throughout high school, even with circumcised peers, do not face teasing as a result of being intact as often as parents fear, nor do they wish they had been circumcised.

Dr. Chris Cooper, the study’s senior author, points out that while only 10% of young men (ages 17 to 24) were teased about their penis in middle or high school, and 47% witnessed someone else being teased at least once, 83% of those instances were due to penis size -- not whether or not a student was intact. Across the board, 97% of respondents, both intact and circumcised, said they were happy with their own penis and did not wish for it to be different.

Abstract

Purpose

Parents of young boys seeking circumcision or circumcision revision commonly cite concern that their sons may be teased in middle or high school due to the appearance of the penis. There are no current data to substantiate or refute the likelihood of such teasing. We explored the validity of this concern by investigating the extent and frequency of teasing regarding penile appearance.

Materials and Methods

An anonymous questionnaire was administered to undergraduate men at the University of Iowa. Participants answered questions regarding middle and high school demographics, school sports and gym class participation, and any teasing experienced or witnessed due to penile appearance in locker rooms.

Results

A total of 290 men completed the questionnaire. Mean subject age was 19.2 years (range 17 to 24). Of the individuals surveyed 98% were required to participate in high school gym class and 96% participated in a school sport. Of the subjects 10% were teased about their penile appearance and 47% reported witnessing someone else being teased. The most common characteristic singled out was penile size. Having an [intact] penis or a 'strange' penile appearance accounted for 33% of the witnessed penile teasing. Only 3% of the cohort wished that they had a different penile appearance.

Conclusions

Teasing in the locker room about penile appearance occurs frequently. While our study is limited to one Midwestern university population, it appears that parental concerns regarding teasing related to penile appearance are valid, although most causes of teasing may not be alleviated by surgical therapy.

Source:

Alexander, Siobhan E. et al. "Teasing in School Locker Rooms Regarding Penile Appearance." The Journal of Urology, Volume 193, Issue 3, 983-988.

Full Text



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